
The song won the 2012 Brit Award for British Single of the Year and was generally complimented by contemporary music critics, who highlighted the appeal to the teenage audience and the pop sensibility. The single peaked at number four on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the UK Singles Chart. It has been certified quadruple platinum in the US with sales of 4.8 million copies as of June 2016. "What Makes You Beautiful" was a commercial success, reaching number one in several countries. The middle eight consists of a "na na na" hook. The uptempo power pop track features a prominent guitar-based chorus and riff. Written by Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub, the song was released by Syco Records on 11 September 2011. It served as their debut single and lead single from their debut studio album, Up All Night (2011). " What Makes You Beautiful" is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction.

Student's Jack Murray rated "What Makes You Beautiful" five out of five stars and called it "not only the best pop single of the year so far, but potentially of any X Factor contestant ever". Sophie Goddard from Cosmopolitan called the single "ridiculously catchy".

Zachary Houle of PopMatters called the song a "nice get-up-and-go dance number." Ailbhe Malone of NME commended the song's appeal to the teenage audience and its chord progression for being "simple enough to be played on an acoustic guitar at a house party." Newsround called it "fun, upbeat and incredibly catchy." AllMusic's Matthew Chisling called it an "effervescent and fresh tween love song", and chose it as one of the best tracks on Up All Night.

Robert Copsey of Digital Spy gave "What Makes You Beautiful" four out of five stars, praising its catchy melody and summarising it as "adorable, completely innocent and bound to cause a stir amongst your mates". The song received generally positive reviews from music critics. Serban Ghenea handled the audio mixing, Tom Coyne the audio mastering, and John Hanes the mix engineering, for which Phil Seaford served as the assistant. Instrumentation was completed by Falk and Yacoub. "What Makes You Beautiful" was written by Savan Kotecha and Carl Falk, and was produced by Yacoub and Falk. After being formed and finishing third in the seventh series of The X Factor in 2010, they first formed as solo singers but soon got placed as a band on 23 July 2010 One Direction were signed to Syco Music, a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment.
